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Abstract: Objective To explore the application of serum interferon-gamma-induced protein10 (IP-10), interleukin-2 (IL-2), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( MCP-1), and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (ATB). Methods The clinical data of110 ATB patients who visited Hongya County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from November2023 to November 2024 were retrospectively analyzed as the observation group. Another 90 patientswith other lung diseases and 60 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations during thesame period were selected as the lung disease group and the control group, respectively. The levelsof serum IP-10, IL-2, MCP-1 and INF-γ in the three groups were compared. The relationship between IP-10, IL-2, MCP-1, INF-γ and ATB was analyzed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to explore the diagnostic value of IP-10, IL-2, MCP-1, and INF-γfor ATB. Results The levels of IP-10, IL-2, MCP-1, and INF-γ in the observation group werehigher than those in the lung disease group and the control group (P< 0. 05); the levels of IP-10,IL-2, MCP-1, and INF-γ in the lung disease group were higher than those in the control group(P< 0. 05). ROC curve analysis showed that the combined diagnosis of ATB with IP-10, IL-2, MCP-1, and INF-γ (AUC: 0. 813, 95 % CI: 0. 784-0. 842) was superior to the single indicators of IP-10 ( AUC: 0. 663, 95 % CI: 0. 645-0. 681), IL-2 ( AUC: 0. 627, 95 % CI: 0. 611- 0. 643), MCP-1 (AUC: 0. 721, 95 % CI: 0. 685-0. 757), and INF-γ ( AUC: 0. 734, 95 % CI: 0. 692-0. 776) ( P < 0. 05). Logistic analysis revealed that elevated IP-10 ( OR: 3. 435, 95 % CI: 1. 874-4. 996 ), elevated IL-2 ( OR: 1. 314, 95 % CI: 1. 264-6. 178 ), elevated MCP-1 (OR: 3. 691, 95 % CI: 2. 521-5. 561), and elevated INF-γ ( OR: 3. 710, 95 % CI:1. 584-5. 836) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of ATB (P< 0. 05). Conclusion IP-10, IL-2, MCP-1, and INF-γ are highly expressed in ATB, and elevated levels of IP-10, IL-2, MCP-1, and INF-γ are risk factors for the occurrence of ATB. The combined use of IP-10, IL-2, MCP-1, and INF-γ in the diagnosis of ATB can improve the accuracy of the results.

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