脂肪组织在衰老过程中的变化及影响

doi:10.3870/j.issn.1672-8009.2026.03.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 脂肪组织作为机体的关键能量储存与内分泌器官,其衰老过程深刻影响着全身代谢稳态与多器官功能。综述系统阐述了脂肪组织衰老的核心特征,包括宏观分布改变、细胞外基质纤维化、细胞组成与功能障碍(涵盖脂肪细胞、祖细胞、免疫细胞及衰老细胞),以及内分泌谱系失调。衰老导致白色脂肪组织发生异位堆积、棕色脂肪组织产热功能减退,并伴随脂联素水平下降、促炎因子分泌增加,这些因素共同驱动慢性低度炎症与胰岛素抵抗。这些改变进一步加剧心血管疾病、代谢功能障碍相关脂肪肝病及肿瘤等年龄相关疾病的发生与发展。目前,针对脂肪组织衰老的干预策略主要包括热量限制、二甲双胍及PPARγ激动剂等,但其临床应用仍面临挑战。未来研究需深入解析脂肪衰老的时空特异性机制,并开发更具靶向性的治疗手段。

关键词: 脂肪组织衰老, 白色脂肪, 棕色脂肪, 免疫, 代谢疾病, 肥胖

Abstract: Adipose tissue serves as a critical energy storage depot and endocrine organ,and its aging profoundly impacts systemic metabolic homeostasis and multi-organ functions.This review systematically outlines the core features of adipose tissue aging,including macroscopic redistribution,extracellular matrix fibrosis,cellular dysfunction(encompassing adipocytes,progenitor cells,immune cells,and senescent cells),and endocrine dysregulation.Aging leads to ectopic lipid deposition in white adipose tissue,diminished thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue,decreased adiponectin levels,and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory factors,collectively driving chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance.These alterations further exacerbate the development of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disorders,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,and tumors.Current intervention strategies targeting adipose tissue aging primarily include caloric restriction,metformin,and PPARγ agonists,yet their clinical application faces limitations.Future research should focus on elucidating the spatiotemporal mechanisms of adipose aging and developing more targeted therapeutic approaches.

Key words: adipose tissue aging, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, immunity, metabolic diseases, obesity

中图分类号:

魏夏云, 饶枫. 脂肪组织在衰老过程中的变化及影响[J]. 医学分子生物学杂志, 2026, 23(3): 353-360.

WEI Xiayun, RAO Feng. Biological Changes in Adipose Tissue Aging and Their Effect on Associated Diseases[J]. Journal of Medical Molecular Biology, 2026, 23(3): 353-360.

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