Abstract: Although kidney transplantation is the best choice for the treatment of end-stage renal disease, immune rejection after transplantation is still a major clinical problem and acute rejection is the most common immune rejection after transplantation. Transplantation medicine is facing a demand for new specific biomarkers in the preventive screening, early diagnosis, and the improving of prognosis and treatment. At present, proteomics has been widely used in the research of transplantation medicine, and a great progress has been made on the screening of biomarkers related to acute rejection after renal transplantation in serum and urine. This article reviews the research progress of screening of biomarkers related to acute rejection after renal transplantation by using proteomics based on mass spectrometry. 

Key words: kidney transplantation, proteomics, acute rejection, biomarkers