Abstract: Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy, there is still no cure for it despite the great progress on its treatment in decades. This is found to be closely related to the cellular and non-cellular components in the immune microenvironment. For instance, the mesenchymal stromal cells in the immune microenvironment could mediate the immune escape, increase the osteoclast activity, and impaire the osteoblast differentiation. In addition, some immune cells and cytokines with abnormal immune function could promote the proliferation, survival and drug resistance of myeloma cells. In recent years, many new therapeutic tools has emerged. Therefore, an in-depth study of the interaction between the above components and myeloma cells is expected to provide some new ideas and strategies for the clinical treatment of multiple myeloma. 

Key words: multiple myeloma, immune microenvironment, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, osteoclasts, immune cells