Abstract: Objective To address the growing demand for cultivating high-level innovative talents under the "New Medicine" initiative, this study aimed to resolve existing challenges in the traditional teaching of Molecular Biology, such as outdated course content, limited diversity in teaching staff, and the disconnection between theory and practice, thereby exploring an effective pathway to shift the teaching focus from knowledge transmission to fostering innovation capability and scientific literacy. Methods A teaching reform centered on a "Module + 3X" framework was implemented in the Molecular Biology course for master's students at Air Force Medical University. With the flow of genetic information as the main thread, four modular teaching units were constructed： "The Central Dogma： Everlasting and Renewed," "Biotechnology： Rapidly Evolving," "Molecular Research： In-depth Exploration," and "Clinical Translation： Mutual Enhancement." This design enabled a stepwise progression from classical theories to cutting-edge advances. The "3X" component integrated thematic lectures, master classes, and case sharing by young scholars to promote multidisciplinary integration and strengthen the link between theory and practice. The effectiveness of the reform was systematically evaluated using customized questionnaires and formative assessments. Results Following the implementation of the reform, significant improvements were observed in course selection rate, course satisfaction, students' knowledge mastery, and their interest in scientific research. Formative assessment results indicated that the "Module + 3X" system effectively enhanced students' understanding of both classical theories and advances in molecular biology, while also strengthening their interdisciplinary thinking and practical skills. Conclusion The "Module + 3X" teaching system successfully facilitated the transformation of Molecular Biology instruction from knowledge delivery to the cultivation of innovation ability and scientific literacy, markedly improving teaching outcomes and the quality of postgraduate education.

Key words: "Module + 3X" mode, molecular biology, postgraduate teaching, cultivation of innovative talents