Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between periodontitis and proteinuria in healthy physical examination populations. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled adult participants who underwent oral examinations and routine urinalysis at the Physical Examination Center in Tongji Hospital between January 2024 and March 2025.General demographic information,past medical history,anthropometric measurements,oral examination results,and urinary laboratory data were collected.Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between periodontitis and proteinuria.Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the consistency and robustness of this association across different clinical risk factors. Results A total of 3482 participants were included in the study,comprising 2604 males and 878 females,with a mean age of(57.59±12.11)years.The detection rate of periodontitis was 63.0%.The prevalence of proteinuria was significantly higher in the periodontitis group(24.0%)than the non-periodontitis group(11.0%)(P<0.001).After adjustment for age,gender,body mass index,and past medical history,periodontitis remained positively associated with proteinuria[OR(95%CI):2.40(1.95-2.95),P<0.001].Subgroup analyses with formal interaction tests suggested potential effect modification by sex,hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,smoking status,and alcohol consumption(all P for interaction <0.05),whereas no statistically significant interaction was observed for hyperuricemia(P for interaction=0.120).The direction of association between periodontitis and proteinuria was generally consistent across subgroups. Conclusion Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of proteinuria in the physical examination population.

Key words: proteinuria, periodontitis, physical examination, cross-sectional studies, risk factors